Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) has become one of the most widely adopted 3D printing technologies. Known for its affordability and versatility, FDM allows users to create everything from simple prototypes to complex functional parts. One of the key factors in ensuring successful FDM printing is choosing the right material for your project. In this guide, we’ll explore the best materials available for FDM 3D printing and discuss their unique properties, applications, and benefits.

1. PLA (Polylactic Acid)

What it is: PLA is one of the most popular FDM materials, made from renewable plant-based sources such as corn starch. It’s an eco-friendly, biodegradable material.

Key Features:

• Easy to print with, especially for beginners.
• Low printing temperatures (around 190-220°C).
• Available in a variety of colors and finishes, including translucent options.

Applications:

• Prototyping for design and fit.
• Decorative objects and toys.
• Educational models and visual aids.

Benefits:
PLA is an excellent choice for simple, non-functional prototypes. It’s easy to use, produces smooth surface finishes, and has minimal warping.

Limitations:
PLA’s mechanical properties, such as strength and heat resistance, are lower than some other materials, which makes it unsuitable for parts that will endure high stress or temperature.

2. ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)

What it is: ABS is a tough, impact-resistant plastic that’s widely used in manufacturing and prototyping. It’s the material used in Lego bricks, automotive parts, and various household appliances.

Key Features:

• High durability and impact resistance.
• Better heat resistance compared to PLA.
• Requires a heated print bed to prevent warping.

Applications:

• Functional prototypes.
• Automotive parts and enclosures.
• Mechanical components like gears and brackets.

Benefits:
ABS provides stronger, more durable parts that can handle higher temperatures and stress. It’s ideal for parts that need to endure daily wear and tear.

Limitations:
ABS can produce fumes during printing, so adequate ventilation is necessary. It also tends to warp if not printed on a heated bed, which can complicate the process.

3. PETG (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol)

What it is: PETG is a popular FDM filament that offers a balance of strength, durability, and ease of printing. It’s a modified version of PET, the same material used in plastic bottles.

Key Features:

• Excellent chemical resistance.
• High strength and flexibility.
• Less prone to warping compared to ABS.

Applications:

• Functional parts like containers, brackets, and tools.
• Parts requiring good impact resistance.
• Food-safe products (when using food-grade PETG).

Benefits:
PETG offers a good balance between ease of use and durability. It’s an ideal choice for parts that need to withstand chemical exposure or higher impact stress while being easy to print.

Limitations:
While PETG is relatively easy to print, it can be prone to stringing, which requires careful fine-tuning of print settings.

4. Nylon (Polyamide)

What it is: Nylon is a strong, durable, and versatile thermoplastic that’s used in a wide range of industries, including automotive and aerospace. It’s known for its excellent mechanical properties.

Key Features:

• High strength, flexibility, and wear resistance.
• Excellent for making functional, durable parts.
• Hygroscopic (absorbs moisture), so proper storage is essential.

Applications:

• Mechanical parts like gears, bearings, and moving components.
• Prototypes that require high strength and flexibility.
• Industrial-grade applications in automotive and aerospace.

Benefits:
Nylon’s strength and wear resistance make it ideal for parts subjected to heavy use or stress. It also offers a great balance between flexibility and durability.

Limitations:
Nylon is hygroscopic, meaning it absorbs moisture from the air, which can affect print quality. It’s essential to keep the filament dry during storage and use.

5. Polycarbonate (PC)

What it is: Polycarbonate is a high-performance plastic that’s known for its toughness, impact resistance, and high heat resistance.

Key Features:

• Exceptional impact strength and durability.
• High heat resistance (up to 120°C or more).
• Can be transparent, offering optical clarity.

Applications:

• Aerospace and automotive parts.
• Functional prototypes that require high strength and heat resistance.
• Protective covers, lighting, and lenses.

Benefits:
Polycarbonate is ideal for parts that need to endure extreme conditions, including high stress, heat, and impact. It’s also one of the clearest 3D printing materials available.

Limitations:
Polycarbonate requires a heated bed and an enclosed print environment to prevent warping. It also requires a high printing temperature, which may not be compatible with all 3D printers.

Conclusion: Choosing the Right FDM Material for Your Project

FDM 3D printing offers a variety of materials, each with unique properties suited to different applications. Whether you need a simple prototype, flexible parts, or durable, high-performance components, understanding the strengths and limitations of each material will help you make the right choice. At YYI TECH, we offer a range of FDM printing services to bring your ideas to life using the best materials for your needs.

Explore the potential of FDM 3D printing and choose the right material for your next project—get in touch with us today to start printing!

In the ever-evolving automotive industry, the demand for high-performance, lightweight, and durable components continues to rise. One area where innovation is making significant strides is in the manufacturing of metal intake and exhaust cones. Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology is at the forefront of this revolution, offering unparalleled advantages in producing these critical components. In this article, we explore how SLM technology is transforming the way SLM Car inlet and outlet cone are designed and manufactured.

What is SLM Technology?

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is an advanced additive manufacturing process that uses a high-powered laser to fuse metal powder into solid parts. This technology builds components layer by layer, allowing for intricate designs and complex geometries that are difficult or impossible to achieve with traditional manufacturing methods.

Applications of SLM in oem Automotive Metal Intake and Exhaust Cones：

1. Complex Geometrical Designs

Automotive intake and exhaust cones often feature intricate geometries to optimize airflow and enhance engine performance. SLM technology excels in producing these complex shapes without the need for additional tooling or machining. This capability allows for greater design freedom and the creation of components that are both efficient and effective.

2. High-Performance Materials

SLM technology can utilize a variety of high-performance materials such as aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, stainless steel, and nickel-based superalloys. These materials provide excellent strength-to-weight ratios, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature performance, which are critical for components exposed to extreme conditions in the engine and exhaust systems.

3. Lightweight Design

One of the key benefits of SLM technology is its ability to produce lightweight components without compromising strength or durability. By using topology optimization and advanced design techniques, manufacturers can reduce the weight of intake and exhaust cones, leading to improved vehicle performance, fuel efficiency, and reduced emissions.

4. Rapid Prototyping and Small Batch Production

SLM technology enables rapid prototyping and small batch production, making it ideal for developing new designs and testing concepts. This agility allows automotive manufacturers to iterate quickly, refine designs, and bring innovative products to market faster than ever before.

5. Enhanced Durability and Longevity

Components produced using SLM technology exhibit superior mechanical properties, including high density, fatigue resistance, and thermal stability. This results in intake and exhaust cones that can withstand harsh operating conditions, ensuring long-term reliability and performance.

6. Custom Cooling Channels

SLM technology allows for the integration of custom cooling channels within the intake and exhaust cones. These channels help manage thermal loads more effectively, reducing the risk of overheating and improving the overall efficiency and lifespan of the components.

Real-World Applications

1.Turbocharger Components

SLM technology is used to manufacture lightweight and high-strength intake and exhaust cones for turbochargers. These components optimize airflow and enhance engine performance while withstanding

high temperatures and pressures.

2. Exhaust Systems

In high-performance and racing vehicles, SLM-produced exhaust cones offer superior durability and reduced weight, contributing to better handling and acceleration.

3. Custom Automotive Solutions

For custom and prototype vehicles, SLM technology provides the flexibility to create bespoke intake and exhaust cones tailored to specific performance requirements and design preferences.

SLM technology is revolutionizing the production of automotive metal intake and exhaust cones, offering unparalleled advantages in design, material performance, and manufacturing efficiency. By leveraging SLM, automotive manufacturers can create high-performance, lightweight, and durable components that meet the demands of modern vehicles.

At  Dongguan YYI Technology, we specialize in using SLM technology to deliver top-quality automotive components. Contact us today to learn how our SLM solutions can benefit your next project and drive your innovation forward.

In today’s fast-evolving world of product design and manufacturing, Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) has emerged as a versatile and cost-effective 3D printing technology. By enabling rapid prototyping and functional part production, FDM is bridging the gap between conceptualization and realization.

What is FDM?

FDM, also known as Fused Deposition Modeling, is a layer-by-layer additive manufacturing technique. It utilizes thermoplastic filaments, which are heated to their melting point and precisely extruded to build parts from the bottom up. This process is guided by a 3D model, ensuring accuracy and repeatability.

Key Advantages of FDM Technology

1. Cost-Efficiency
   Unlike other 3D printing technologies, FDM is highly affordable, making it an excellent choice for startups, educational institutions, and small businesses.

2. Material Diversity
   FDM supports a wide range of materials, including PLA, ABS, PETG, and engineering-grade filaments like Nylon and Polycarbonate. This versatility allows it to cater to diverse industry needs.

3. Ease of Use
   FDM printers are user-friendly, with minimal setup and maintenance requirements. This makes them a popular option for beginners and professionals alike.

Applications of FDM Technology

1. Rapid Prototyping
   FDM is widely used in the creation of prototypes for testing designs, functionality, and fit. Its ability to quickly turn ideas into tangible models accelerates the design iteration process.

2. Customized Manufacturing
   Whether it's small-batch production or custom parts for specific applications, FDM excels in delivering tailored solutions. For example:

   • Medical devices and models.
   • Custom jigs and fixtures for manufacturing lines.

3. Educational Tools
   Many schools and universities use FDM printers to teach students about engineering, design, and manufacturing principles.

4. DIY and Maker Communities
   The affordability and flexibility of FDM have made it a favorite in the maker movement, where creators bring their innovative ideas to life.

FDM vs. Other 3D Printing Technologies

While FDM offers a cost-effective and versatile solution, it may lack the fine detail and surface finish provided by SLA (Stereolithography) or the strength of parts produced by SLS (Selective Laser Sintering). However, FDM’s lower barrier to entry and broad material compatibility make it a leader for functional prototypes and everyday 3D printing needs.

Our Commitment to Quality

At  YYI Technology, we specialize in FDM-based 3D printing services that deliver high-quality, precise, and durable results. Whether you need rapid prototyping, small-batch production, or a custom project, we’re here to turn your ideas into reality.

Conclusion
FDM technology is transforming the way we approach design and manufacturing. Its accessibility, affordability, and versatility have made it a cornerstone of innovation for industries and individuals alike. Explore how FDM 3D printing can empower your projects—contact us today to learn more!

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) has become a cornerstone of modern manufacturing and innovation. Its affordability, versatility, and compatibility with various materials make it a go-to technology for businesses across diverse industries. From prototyping to functional parts production, FDM is reshaping how industries approach design and manufacturing. In this article, we explore the key industries leveraging FDM 3D printing and the transformative impact it brings.

1. Manufacturing and Engineering

Applications:

• Rapid Prototyping: Create concept models, design prototypes, and functional parts in a fraction of the time.
• Custom Tools and Fixtures: Print jigs, fixtures, and assembly aids tailored to specific production needs.
• On-Demand Production: Manufacture small-batch or customized parts without the cost of traditional tooling.

Benefits:
FDM accelerates the design-to-production cycle, reduces costs, and enables on-the-fly adjustments, making it invaluable for engineering and manufacturing processes.

2. Aerospace Industry

Applications:

• Lightweight components to reduce aircraft weight and improve fuel efficiency.
• Functional prototypes for wind tunnel testing and structural validation.
• Custom brackets, housings, and cable management systems.

Benefits:
FDM's ability to print with high-performance materials like ULTEM™ or PEEK makes it ideal for parts that must withstand extreme conditions, including high stress and temperatures.

3. Automotive Sector

Applications:

• Design validation for automotive parts like air ducts, dashboard panels, and brackets.
• Customized tools and fixtures to enhance assembly line productivity.
• Small-scale production of specialty or aftermarket parts.

Benefits:
FDM helps automotive manufacturers save time and resources, enabling faster prototyping and production of durable, high-quality parts.

4. Healthcare and Medical Devices

Applications:

• Anatomical models for surgical planning and medical education.
• Custom prosthetics, orthotics, and assistive devices.
• Prototyping and testing of medical equipment designs.

Benefits:
FDM supports biocompatible materials for safe and effective medical applications, while its customization capabilities improve patient-specific solutions.

5. Education and Research

Applications:

• Hands-on learning in engineering, design, and technology courses.
• Development of experimental setups and research tools.
• Visual aids such as architectural models, geographical terrain maps, or mechanical assemblies.

Benefits:
Affordable and easy to operate, FDM printers provide students and researchers with the tools to innovate and experiment with real-world applications.

6. Consumer Products and Electronics

Applications:

• Quick iteration of product designs, from concept to final model.
• Custom enclosures, mounts, and fixtures for electronics.
• Personalized products, including home décor, accessories, and wearable tech.

Benefits:
FDM empowers designers to test and refine their ideas efficiently, reducing time-to-market for innovative consumer products.

7. Architecture and Construction

Applications:

• Scale models of buildings and infrastructure for presentations.
• Visualization of complex geometries and designs.
• Custom components for construction, such as brackets and connectors.

Benefits:
FDM simplifies the creation of detailed architectural models, enabling architects to communicate their designs effectively to clients and stakeholders.

8. Creative and Art Industries

Applications:

• Sculptures, installations, and props for films or performances.
• Custom jewelry and fashion accessories.
• Artistic prototypes for exhibitions and galleries.

Benefits:
With its ability to print intricate designs in various materials, FDM opens new possibilities for artists and designers to bring their visions to life.

9. Defense and Military

Applications:

• Prototypes and functional parts for mission-critical equipment.
• Training aids such as weapon models or terrain replicas.
• Custom components for vehicles and tactical gear.

Benefits:
FDM’s speed and flexibility allow military organizations to quickly produce on-demand solutions for field operations and training scenarios.

10. Food and Packaging

Applications:

• Custom molds and packaging prototypes for food products.
• Production of food-safe tools and utensils.

Benefits:
FDM’s precision and material options make it suitable for creating tailored solutions for the food industry.

Why FDM is Revolutionizing Industries

The adaptability of FDM technology stems from its wide material compatibility, including PLA, ABS, PETG, and specialty materials like carbon-fiber composites. This versatility ensures FDM meets the needs of applications ranging from lightweight, high-strength aerospace components to flexible, custom medical devices.

At [Your Company Name], we specialize in providing tailored FDM 3D printing services to help businesses across industries innovate and achieve their goals. Whether you're prototyping a new design, creating custom tools, or producing functional parts, our team is here to guide you through the process.

FDM 3D printing continues to disrupt traditional manufacturing, offering unprecedented flexibility and cost savings. From engineering to healthcare, its impact spans a wide array of industries. Ready to bring your ideas to life? Contact us today to learn more about our FDM 3D printing solutions and how they can benefit your business.

In the world of manufacturing and design, additive manufacturing is revolutionizing how ideas turn into reality. Whether you are a product designer, engineer, or DIY enthusiast, 3D model printing services provide essential support for your creativity and projects. But what exactly can 3D prototyping bring to the table?

1. Flexibility and Customization

Traditional manufacturing often requires expensive molds and complex processes, but additive manufacturing is entirely different. It allows for the creation of unique and intricate shapes directly from digital models. Whether you need a complex mechanical component or a personalized decorative piece, 3D model printing services make it possible. What's more, you can easily tweak designs and implement updates quickly.

2. Rapid Prototyping

For designers and engineers, testing an idea often involves numerous trials. 3D prototyping simplifies and accelerates this process. You can transform your design into a physical object in just a few hours, making it easy to test and refine the product's appearance and functionality.

3. Versatile Materials

3D printing supports a wide range of materials, from lightweight and durable plastics to high-strength metals, such as those used in metal additive manufacturing. Depending on your needs, we can recommend the most suitable material to ensure your project is both cost-effective and functional.

4. Cost-Effective Small-Batch Production

For small-scale production, traditional manufacturing can be too costly. Additive manufacturing, on the other hand, is ideal. It requires no molds and allows for easy adjustments between products by simply modifying the digital model. This minimizes waste and reduces expenses.

5. Advanced Printing Technologies

Cutting-edge techniques like Multijet Fusion printing take 3D printing to a new level. This technology provides high-quality, durable parts with fine detail, making it suitable for functional prototypes and end-use components.

6. Reduce Supply Chain Stress

In today's world of supply chain challenges, additive manufacturing can help businesses reduce their reliance on external suppliers. Whether it’s replacement parts or a rush order, 3D printing offers a fast and reliable solution.

Our Advantage

YYI Technology 3D model printing services are designed to deliver high-quality and responsive solutions for our clients. From design to delivery, our team works closely with you to ensure your project achieves optimal results. Whether you're exploring 3D prototyping for the first time or seeking to streamline an existing manufacturing process with Multijet Fusion printing or metal additive manufacturing, we’re here to help.

Conclusion
Additive manufacturing is becoming an indispensable part of modern manufacturing due to its unmatched advantages. If you have ideas to bring to life or projects that need rapid execution, don't hesitate to contact us. Let’s harness technology to empower your future!

When creating figures for academic papers, the first thing we need to determine is the layout (dimensions) of the images. Designing and drawing on the wrong layout often leads to unnecessary trouble at the final submission stage. Guidelines for image layout requirements are usually clearly stated in the publisher’s Guide for Authors. If not, it's recommended that authors contact the publisher directly—this clarifies the requirements and demonstrates professionalism, attention to detail, and respect for the journal.

Here, we’ll briefly discuss the common layouts used in scientific figures.

Aside from a few specialized journals (such as Science and certain physics publications), most academic journals use a two-column layout. In this context, we focus on two key dimensions: L1 (single-column width) and L2 (double-column width).

When we begin designing and drawing a figure, the first thing to consider and determine is the width of the image—whether to adopt a single-column or double-column layout.As for the height, it can generally be adjusted freely.Below are examples of double-column and single-column layouts.

Science is driven by objective facts and rigorous logic; design emphasizes aesthetics and visual storytelling. At SONDII, we combine scientific knowledge with artistic design—offering services in academic illustration, journal cover design, and scientific animation—to transform your ideas into stunning visuals and elevate the impact of your research.

1. Science Is Complex—Design Makes It Visible

Modern scientific research is incredibly complex. From high-throughput sequencing to big data and climate models, the outcomes are often presented through dense graphs and highly technical language. A good designer or illustrator can “translate” this abstract, often overwhelming information into visuals that are intuitive and easy to understand.

Whether it’s a detailed illustration of a cell structure or a dynamic animation of a biological process, visuals often communicate more effectively than pages of text. Whether you're sharing with fellow researchers or engaging the public, design plays an irreplaceable role.

2. Good Design Increases Scientific Impact

In today’s information-saturated world, a striking cover image or infographic can make all the difference in getting your work noticed. More and more scientific journals are recognizing the power of visual communication—not just accuracy in data, but clarity and visual appeal in how it's presented.

Designers can help scientists create visuals that are both logically sound and visually compelling, improving the overall quality of research presentation and outreach.

3. Storytelling Is Key—Design Is the Visual Medium

Effective science communication is about more than just facts—it’s about telling a story. Design is a powerful tool for conveying those stories visually. Whether you're curating an exhibition, posting on social media, or writing a science article, experienced designers can help transform complex processes into emotionally engaging and visually impactful narratives.

We offer custom design services for the scientific community, including journal cover design, scientific illustration,and principle-based animations, helping researchers showcase their work with clarity, beauty, and impact.

Research on catalytic materials and catalytic reactions has always been one of the hotspots for scholars, and so are the cover articles related to them. Because of the different research focuses of different articles, some focus on the catalytic reaction itself, some discuss the preparation of catalytic materials, and some pay more attention to the improvement of catalytic efficiency. In addition, the concept of catalysis is a little abstract, which brings certain difficulties to our cover design, how to turn abstract into concrete, highlight the key points and take the overall situation into account, which becomes a problem that all cover designers need to think about. Here, we cite several catalytic cover designs for different research focuses for your discussion.

NO.1 Focus on the overall reaction process

The figure below is a cover art published in ChemComm, whose main research object is an organic synthesis reaction. This kind of cover art needs to show the whole process of the reaction, so in the design idea, we need to consider that the substrate, the product and the catalyst appear in the movie at the same time.

We used the method of building scenes, comparing the two actions of "crossing the bridge" and "reacting" to show the overall appearance of the reaction.

NO.2 Focus on Catalyst Preparation

Sometimes, our main concern is the preparation of a catalytic material rather than a specific reaction. In such cases, our design approach should shift toward the catalyst itself, completely setting aside the reaction process to highlight the key focus.  

The illustration shown is a cover artwork published in Catalysis Science & Technology. It metaphorically represents the preparation process as a road, where a vehicle moves forward, gradually transforming metal elements into stable single-atom catalysts.

NO.3 Focus on Enhancing Catalytic Rate

When discussing catalytic reactions, reaction rate is an ever-present topic. Since rate itself is an abstract concept without a physical form, it is often represented through analogies with real-world objects that embody speed.  

For instance, an article published in Advanced Electronic Materials uses a comparison between a horse-drawn carriage and a high-speed train to vividly illustrate and compare catalytic efficiency.

NO.4 Focus on the Catalyst Itself

As the saying goes, “the essence remains unchanged despite variations.” The catalyst is always one of the fundamental cores of a catalytic reaction. Therefore, many cover articles prominently feature the catalyst itself or its representative imagery at the center of the cover design.  

This approach is one of the most classic representations in catalyst-related cover artworks.

The above are common design approaches for cover artworks related to catalytic research, providing valuable references. However, the latest creative ideas often capture attention more effectively. Therefore, we should continuously explore new concepts and strive for innovation together.

Choosing the perfect dog stroller for your small dog can be overwhelming, especially when balancing quality, functionality, and budget. This guide breaks down key considerations while spotlighting the Hope PC101 Pet Stroller—a standout mid-range option that combines affordability with premium features.

1. Identify Core Needs

A. Usage Scenarios

• Short daily walks: Prioritize lightweight, foldable designs.
  

• Long trips/outdoor adventures: Opt for strollers with strong shock absorption (e.g., rubber wheels + spring suspension).

• Rough terrain (grass, gravel): Choose wide-spaced wheels + anti-slip tires for stability.

Why Hope PC101 Fits:

• 5.5-inch EVA tires + spring suspension handle bumpy roads, brick paths, and light trails.

• Foldable steel frame (collapses to 76cm height) fits easily into car trunks, ideal for urban and suburban use.
  

• B. Dog’s Requirements

• Weight/size: Ensure the stroller’s load capacity ≥ 1.5x your dog’s weight (e.g., 8kg+ for a 5kg dog).

• Health issues: Elderly dogs or those with joint problems need extra cushioning and spacious interiors.

Why Hope PC101 Fits:

• 15kg max weight capacity comfortably supports small breeds like Poodles, Bichons, and Yorkies.

• Spacious cabin (580×320×530mm) offers ample room for dogs to sit, stand, or lie flat, ideal for senior or recovering pets.

• 2. Key Features to Evaluate

A. Material & Structure

• Frame: Aluminum alloy (lightweight & rustproof) > steel (durable but heavier).

• Fabric: Oxford cloth (waterproof & wear-resistant) > basic polyester.

Hope PC101 Highlights:

• High-strength steel frame: Streamlined and foldable (5kg net weight), tested for durability and safety.

• 300D Oxford fabric + TPU mesh: Waterproof, scratch-resistant, and breathable for year-round comfort.

• B. Wheel Design

• Front swivel wheels + rear fixed wheels: Balances agility and stability.

• Wheel diameter >15cm: Better for overcoming small obstacles (e.g., curbs).

• Hope PC101 Highlights:

• 5.5-inch front EVA wheels (360° rotation) + 5-inch rear wheels with dual brakes ensure smooth turns and slope safety.

• Tool-free quick-release wheels outpace competitors’ pin-fixed designs for hassle-free assembly.

• C. Safety Essentials

• Built-in safety leash (prevents jumping out).

• Hard bottom plate (supports spine, prevents sagging).

• Side mesh panels + openable roof (ventilation and interaction).

Hope PC101 Highlights:

• Reinforced base plate prevents sagging, protecting your dog’s spine.

• Removable mesh panels enhance airflow, while the zippere

When drawing scientific illustrations, we often face the choice between bitmap and vector graphics. This article will focus on exploring their definitions and differences for reference.

1. Image Types and Definitions

Vector Graphics: Composed of mathematically defined curves, with anchor points and paths as their basic components.

Bitmap Graphics: Also known as raster or pixel graphics, they are composed of individual pixels. When magnified, it becomes evident that the image consists of tiny square pixels.

2. Image Types and Resolution

Vector Graphics: They are resolution-independent, meaning they can be scaled to any size and printed at any resolution without losing clarity.

Bitmap Graphics: Composed of pixels, so when an image is enlarged, the pixels also get bigger. Since each pixel has a single color, enlarging a bitmap image results in the well-known pixelation effect.

3. Image Types and Color Representation

Bitmap Graphics: Capable of displaying rich and detailed colors, making them ideal for realistic images of natural objects.

Vector Graphics: Due to mathematical constraints, they have limited color representation and cannot effectively depict realistic objects. Instead, vector graphics are often used for icons, logos, illustrations and other simple, clear designs.

In the following images, you can see that bitmap graphics display a wider range of colors.

Bitmap Graphics

Vector Graphics

4. Image Types and File Formats

Common Bitmap Formats: bmp, pcx, gif, jpg, tif, psd of photoshop etc.

Common Vector Formats: AI, EPS, SVG (AdobeIllustrator), dwg, dxf (AutoCAD), cdr (CorelDRAW), etc.

5. Image Type Conversion

Vector graphics can be converted into bitmap images using graphic design software. However, converting a bitmap image into a vector graphic requires complex and extensive data processing, and the quality of the resulting vector image may vary significantly.